Atomic clock! The most accurate clock! ~ Environment Clean Generations

  Time is not nothing but a convention, born to human help in his daily activities. It is known that Schopenhauer's theory says that man lives only in the present, past and future being just simple subjective projections.
There are many ways to calculate and display accurate time, but the most efficient and accurate solution is undoubtedly represented by the atomic clocks! Based on the various chemical elements such as cesium or rubidiumul, atomic clocks are specifically designed not to lose or to gain more than one second within a few thousand years!


10th place is occupied by the HP 5061, cesium-133 isotopes bombarded with microwaves. Hyperfine frequency output is used to stabilize an oscillator  quartz crystal based

HP 5061 was the most accurate clock on Earth at the time of its construction in the '60s. The price of such a device was $ 40,800!

Place 9. The first cesium atomic clock, built by Jerrold Zacharias in 1953. Zacharias attempted to make a fountain of atoms based on Einstein's theory which says that a clock will slow when atoms passing through a gravitational potential, but failed, remaining with the title of first draft of an atomic clock with cesium isotopes.
Accuracy is 7 minutes at a time equal to the age of the universe (about 14 billion years!).

The 8th is a watch made in 1968 by NIST (National Institute of Standards andTechnology) used until the early '90s. The USNO Rubidium Fountain sits in 7th place. As the name suggests, this clock uses rubidium instead of cesium, because Rb has alower frequency and thus a diminished nuclear spin, with low-magnetic states.

On 6th place is NIST-6, the predecessor model 7. It was 20 times less precise but more compact than any other previously built.
Greenwich Time Service was served by this watch made in 1970, which occupies aworthy place on 5th . Royal Greenwich Observatory installed in Herstmonceaux, the clock was used by BBC for 20 years, announcing the exact time.

4th. NIST-7 was the fruit of three elite researchers, Nobel Prize-winning physicistNorman Ramsey of Harvard, Hans Dehmelt at the University of Washington andWolfgang Paul of the University of Bonn.

3rd, NIST-F1 atomic clock is the current standard used in USA as time and frequency.It is one of the most accurate clocks in the world, losing or gaining a second in 20million years! Believe it or Not.

On 2nd place is an atomic device home made! It uses a tube through which a beam ofcesium atoms is magnetically controlled from one end to another. Atoms change theirstatus and are then read in a special room located at the other end of the tube ..

1st place. The most compact atomic clock is in equipping satellites overflying the famous Earth and are responsible for global positioning system (GPS). The clocks work with rubidium and have + / - one second in a million years!