Micro-explosion reveals new super-dense aluminium

Although materials scientists have theorized for years that a form of super-dense aluminum exists under the extreme pressures found inside a planet’s core, no one had ever actually seen it. Until now.

A team including researcher Arturas Vailionis of SLAC and Stanford blasted tiny bits of sapphire with a new table-top laser device that penetrates crystals and sets off micro-explosions inside them, creating powerful shock waves that compress the surrounding material. Under these extreme conditions – terapascals of pressure and temperatures of 100,000 Kelvin – warm dense matter forms, the state of matter between a solid and a plasma.

Because sapphire is a form of aluminum oxide, or alumina, researchers expected to find evidence of various phases of high-pressure alumina inside the gem. Instead, they observed minuscule amounts of a surprisingly stable, highly-compressed form of elemental aluminum called body-centered cubic aluminum.

Their results appear in yesterday’s edition of Nature Communications. The team included scientists from Australia, Japan, and the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Vailionis, a researcher with the Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, examined the interior of the sapphire and found the novel form of aluminum with a beam of X-ray light from the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The laser experiment itself was performed at Shizuoka University in Japan.

“High pressure experiments generally are done either with big equipment or with a diamond anvil cell where two diamonds are squeezing a tiny bit of material, but even diamond gives up at a certain point with those pressures,” Vailionis said. “But this very short pulse of laser light actually ionizes all the material within a very small volume over a short time and creates a plasma which is under enormous pressure and temperature” without fracturing the outer shell of the sapphire.

Of particular note, the paper says, is that the team “demonstrated that high energy density produced in a simple tabletop experiment makes it possible to form an exotic high-density material phase which could not be produced by other means.”

While scientists long have predicted that new classes of materials with unusual combinations of physical properties should exist under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, only hcp-Al, the hexagonal close-packed aluminum phase, had been observed previously.  The form made in this experiment is bcc-Al, or body-centered cubic aluminum.

Vailionis said he doesn’t expect the research to result in production of new materials in large quantities any time soon, but he believes the equipment used in the experiment offers a new strategy for synthesizing nanoscale amounts of new materials in the laboratory, and opens new possibilities for tabletop research into warm dense matter – the state of matter between a solid and a plasma. Such work could bring scientists a step closer to understanding Earth’s early history.

“Now we’re thinking about different materials we could use to recreate some of the environments that existed deep in the Earth’s core when the planet was forming,” he said.

 by "environment clean generations"

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Posted in: alumina,aluminium,biological laser,earth,materials,scientists,temperature

Lasers Will Replace Spark Plugs

  Spark plugs, those parts responsible for engine combustion, could soon be replaced by laser ignition systems. They will take the place of spark as a mean of primary combustion of air-fuel mixture in the engine, resulting in increased energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.

               In a conventional engine with internal combustion , fuel-air mixture is compressed by a piston and ignited by a spark plug splaced on top of the cylinder. This spark is generated by electric arc created between two electrodes, a method good enough to ignite the fuel, but also limits the range and types of fuels that can be burned.

              For spark plugs, fuel-air mixture must contain a certain amount of fuel or spark will not ignite. A spark of greater intensity may ignite fuel-air mixtures poorer (more air and less fuel), but will also degrade the electrodes. 

              An engine (almost) ideally work with a small amount of fuel and would provide a stronger spark. Is fixed what can provide laser combustion systems, created by a joint team made ​​up of romanians and japanese.

              Laser ignition can be adjusted so as to have greater precision than spark plugs, increasing combustion efficiency and improving engine economy. Furthermore, lasers can be channeled to ensure ignition anywhere in the cylinder (spark plugs generate on the top, in the opposite end of the piston).

             Lighting by laser can focus on core of compressed fuel-air mixture, allowing controlled explosion spread evenly over each cylinder, where a higher power for each engine times. Laser can ignite fuel even in two places simultaneously, creating a more effective explosion , a more complete burn of the liquid in the tank.

             Power lasers in the past with all these processes should exist, but their implementation was unfeasible in auto engines, were bulky, heavy and unstable. Now, new high-power lasers, made ​​of ceramic powders have diameters of only 9 millimeters each. 

            These ceramic devices accumulate the energy of compact lasers, of lower power whose rays are transmitted through optical fiber and released in pulses with durations of only 800 trillionth of a second. 

            Unlike the delicate crystals normally used for high power lasers, ceramic is more robust and can better manage the heat generated in internal combustion engines. The team of inventors is already in discussions with Denso, a major automotive component manufacturer, to market the new technology.

             Until hydrogen engines become commonplace in cars, laser ignition can sooner be implemented to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions in a car.

              

           

by "environment clean generations"             

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Posted in: biological laser,engine,spark plug

Ancu Dinca Effect

                   The "biological laser", invention of a romanian physicist called Ancu Dinca, defends the body against the influence of negative energies and treats incurable diseases. We live in the midst of energy emanating from the cosmos, we are in the way of earth's energy fields, but we get hit by artificial and harmful emissions from installations all around us. All of these can cause diseases, some of them incurable, like cancer or leukemia.

                    After long years of study, learning more and more, with a questing spirit, Ancu Dinca has developed an invention that he called, rather poetically, "biological laser", but wich can hide a practical effect. The physicist has dedicated his entire life studying strange phenomena that lead to unexplained illnesses.

                    The discovery is based on the Taoist theory according to which plants receive sunlight directly into cells. Thus, indirectly, people receive essential information from the plants. The active substance of the biological laser is composed of liquid crystals obtained from about 40 plants that are activated by a abnormal (bio) electromagnetic field,  as telluric radiation or dysfunctional radiation of human bio-field. 

                    Ancu Dinca explain its principle and devices effects in that holographic radiation of plants generating two types of effects, a stimulation one, phase modulation of human biological system and one of inhibition, which is a demodulation of the emission sources of negative radiation by out-phased  interference. In other words, these devices attached to certain points on the human body, energetically loads and balances the synergistic optimization effect of liquid crystals from plants. 

               
                    No wonder that Ancu Dinca has already obtained the gold medal at the International Exhibition of Inventions and technology news from Geneva in 2003 and silver medal at the World Invention Fair in Brussels. 

                    What is actually biological laser? It is a set of devices that neutralizes harmful radiation, balancing the unbalanced human body, by highlighting the life force within us.  There are women who were cured in a few months of breast cancer and in other cases, ovarian cysts disappeared as fast. People suffering from hypertension can adjust their blood in minutes, patients with leukemia,hemoglobin returns to normal after several months of treatment, tumors of the skin are treated successfully, as well as severe skin diseases.  Biological laser was tested by doctors that reported cystic mastoze spectacular healings, lumbar discopathies  painful ischemic heart disease, and in cases of diabetic, after treatment with devices "Dinca Ancu", they dropped insulin. 

                     All these effects were examined by doctors using high performance devices, and not talking here about a "mere subjective impressions". 
                     The studies of  the romanian physicist have gone further, resulting in the development of devices that can protect us from harmful radiation, like electromagnetic radiation that surrounds us, proving that the invention can also be preventative, not only curative.
                     Thus, by changing the crystal structure, Ancu Dinca has developed some small filters to "neutralize harmful radiation", more numerous, from computers, mobile phones or terrestrial radiation in homes. And as others have understood the importance of these issues, is well to note that romanian physicist is not only invited to scientific meetings worldwide, but he is also in talks with major mobile phone companies in China and France.
 

by "environment clean radiation"

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Posted in: biological laser,diseases,energy